Touch screen technology is becoming a larger part of everyday life for many individuals. As presented in Chapter 5, a touch screen is a touch-sensitive display device that users can interact with by touching areas of the screen. People have been using touch screens for more than 30 years, and this technology now is being used in more places, such as in smart phones, point-of-sale terminals, automated teller machines, remote controls, GPS receivers, home security systems, and Tablet PCs. Touch screen technology has evolved since its creation in the late 1960s. The first touch screens developed allowed users to press only one area at a time with the tip of their finger, and they were much less accurate than today’s touch screens. As the technology is advancing, users are able to perform additional tasks, such as dragging their
finger across the screen and touching more
than one area of the screen at a time. For
example, the iPhone and iPod touch allow
you to zoom in pictures or other objects
on the screen by placing two fingers close
together on the screen, and then slowly moving
them apart. Three types of touch screens
most in use today are capacitive, resistive,
and surface wave touch screens.
A capacitive touch screen has a layer
of material that stores electrical charges
coating the surface. When a finger touches
the screen, it conducts a small amount of the
electrical charge, reducing the charge on the
capacitive layer. Circuits located at each corner
of the capacitive touch screen measure
the change in electrical charge. The circuits
then send this data to the touch screen
controller, or software that is running on the
computer. The controller then uses the data
to calculate the location where the finger is
touching the screen. Capacitive touch screens
typically are high-quality and unaffected by
items that do not conduct electrical charges.
An example of the components of a capacitive
touch screen is shown in Figure 8-41.
The second type of touch screen is a resistive
touch screen. A metallic conductive and
resistive layer held apart by spacers cover a
resistive touch screen. When a user touches
a resistive touch screen, the conductive and
resistive layers connect in the location of the
touch. An electronic current runs between
the two layers, and the interruption in the
current enables the touch screen controller
to calculate the exact location of the touch.
Although resistive touch screens usually
are more affordable than capacitive touch
screens, they are not as clear and can be
damaged more easily.
The third type of touch screen uses surface
wave technology. Surface wave technology
passes ultrasonic waves over the touch
screen. Touching the screen absorbs portions
of the waves, which then allows the touch
screen controller to calculate the position at
which the object touched the screen. Because
ultrasonic waves pass over the touch screen,
it is easy for outside elements to damage
the device. Touch screens using surface wave
technology are the most advanced and often
the most expensive of the three types.
Additional types of touch screen technologies
exist, but they are not used as widely as the capacitive, resistive, and surface wave touch screens. Optical touch screens use cameras mounted at two corners of the screen to detect objects close to the surface. Infrared touch screens use light emitting diodes and light detectors at the edges of the touch screen to detect objects that break the beams of light traveling across the screen. As touch screen prices continue to decrease, they most likely will be incorporated in an increasing number of computers and devices. Touch screens have increased productivity by allowing people to interact with devices more quickly than they can with a mouse or keyboard.
finger across the screen and touching more
example, the iPhone and iPod touch allow
you to zoom in pictures or other objects
on the screen by placing two fingers close
together on the screen, and then slowly moving
them apart. Three types of touch screens
most in use today are capacitive, resistive,
and surface wave touch screens.
A capacitive touch screen has a layer
of material that stores electrical charges
coating the surface. When a finger touches
the screen, it conducts a small amount of the
electrical charge, reducing the charge on the
capacitive layer. Circuits located at each corner
of the capacitive touch screen measure
the change in electrical charge. The circuits
then send this data to the touch screen
controller, or software that is running on the
computer. The controller then uses the data
to calculate the location where the finger is
touching the screen. Capacitive touch screens
typically are high-quality and unaffected by
items that do not conduct electrical charges.
An example of the components of a capacitive
The second type of touch screen is a resistive
touch screen. A metallic conductive and
resistive layer held apart by spacers cover a
resistive touch screen. When a user touches
a resistive touch screen, the conductive and
resistive layers connect in the location of the
touch. An electronic current runs between
the two layers, and the interruption in the
current enables the touch screen controller
to calculate the exact location of the touch.
Although resistive touch screens usually
are more affordable than capacitive touch
screens, they are not as clear and can be
damaged more easily.
The third type of touch screen uses surface
wave technology. Surface wave technology
passes ultrasonic waves over the touch
screen. Touching the screen absorbs portions
of the waves, which then allows the touch
screen controller to calculate the position at
ultrasonic waves pass over the touch screen,
it is easy for outside elements to damage
the device. Touch screens using surface wave
technology are the most advanced and often
the most expensive of the three types.
Additional types of touch screen technologies
exist, but they are not used as widely as the capacitive, resistive, and surface wave touch screens. Optical touch screens use cameras mounted at two corners of the screen to detect objects close to the surface. Infrared touch screens use light emitting diodes and light detectors at the edges of the touch screen to detect objects that break the beams of light traveling across the screen. As touch screen prices continue to decrease, they most likely will be incorporated in an increasing number of computers and devices. Touch screens have increased productivity by allowing people to interact with devices more quickly than they can with a mouse or keyboard.
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